基于ABAUQS-Matlab对42CrMo钢表面感应淬火奥氏体化参数的研究

目的 确定42CrMo钢感应淬火过程的奥氏体相变动力学参数，并验证其可靠性。方法 根据不同加热速率下42CrMo钢奥氏体膨胀曲线，基于经典JMAK（Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov）模型和Kissinger方法，确定了42CrMo钢奥氏体化相变动力学的参数。建立ABAQUS局部移动式感应淬火模型，选取淬火区域加热过程中点的温度变化曲线作为验证奥氏体化模型的对象。基于Scheil法则和JMAK相变动力学模型，采用文中求解得到的奥氏体化参数，采用Matlab对42CrMo连续转变过程离散为每个时间间隔的等温相变并求解，并对照相关学者采用的扩展解析动力学模型和JAMK模型，加以验证。结果 根据上述方法，得到的42CrMo奥氏体相变动力学参数为：激活能Q为2.04×106 J/mol，指前因子lnk0的值取230.78，Avrami指数n取0.427。将淬火加热过程离散为数量很大的均匀时间间隔，并以求解的动力学模型在每个间隔内进行对应温度条件下奥氏体体积分数的求解并顺次叠加，以模拟得到的奥氏体转变时间和转变温度等作为依据，该模型有良好的表现性。结论 对42CrMo非等温且加热速度不恒定的连续奥氏体转变过程，JAMK模型拟合表现良好，采用文中求解的参数组对表面感应淬火的奥氏体转变历程进行仿真预测是可行的。     

复合防护液舱抗爆效能对比试验研究

液舱是舰船多层防护结构体系中的重要功能舱室,战斗部近距离爆炸时,高速破片和冲击波载荷将对防护液舱产生严重的毁伤效应。针对高速破片和冲击波作用下防护液舱的动态响应特性和毁伤模式,提出了复合防护液舱的结构形式。为了对比该液舱相对常规液舱的抗爆效能,开展了战斗部模型近距离爆炸载荷作用下复合液舱和常规结构形式液舱毁伤的模型试验,得到了战斗部模型破片速度、液舱结构的变形、应变、破口尺寸、舱壁压力等参量。通过对比发现,相对于传统液舱结构,复合防护液舱前面板、后面板最大变形分别减少22.78%和8.47%,结构应变降低30%,冲击波峰值减弱18.62%,该新型结构形式明显提高了液舱抗爆防御效果。     

基于缺口应力法的IIW多轴疲劳准则分析

焊接接头的多轴疲劳强度评估是领域内的复杂课题.结合缺口应力法,利用ⅡW多轴疲劳准则对已公开发表的文献中的多轴疲劳试验数据进行了重新评估.结果表明,缺口应力系统下的比例加载与非比例加载数据点重合性较好;ⅡW推荐的单轴疲劳评估S-N曲线不适用于多轴疲劳评估,循环次数在1×104 ~1×105范围内时,可能得到偏危险的评估结果;而高于1×105次时,评估结果过于保守.基于此,拟合得到了存活率P_s=97.7%的S-N评估曲线,其疲劳等级FAT=430 MPa,斜率m=5.8,同时适用于比例加载与非比例加载,可为工程焊接结构疲劳寿命预估提供参考.     

Efficient wave-based acoustic material design optimization

We present a novel approach for optimizing acoustic parameters using sensitivity analysis for computer-aided design and analysis of architectural models. Our approach builds on recent low-dispersion wave-based acoustic solvers that can accurately compute the pressure field in large models. We present an efficient technique to compute the gradient of the pressure field using automatic differentiation and combine that with a quasi-Newtonian optimization method to automatically compute the optimal material properties. We highlight the performance on many complex CAD models to optimize the strength and clarity acoustic parameters, and thereby improve the acoustic characteristics of large models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical and accurate approach for acoustic material optimization of large indoor CAD models.     

Discrepancy analysis of driving performance of taxi drivers and non-professional drivers for red-light running violation and crash avoidance at intersections

Due to comfort, convenience, and flexibility, taxis have become increasingly more prevalent in China, especially in large cities. However, many violations and road crashes that occurred frequently were related to taxi drivers. This study aimed to investigate differences in driving performance between taxi drivers and non-professional drivers from the perspectives of red-light running violation and potential crash involvement based on a driving simulation experiment. Two typical scenarios were established in a driving simulator, which includes the red-light running violation scenario and the crash avoidance scenario. There were 49 participants, including 23 taxi drivers (14 males and 9 females) and 26 non-professional drivers (13 males and 13 females) recruited for this experiment. The driving simulation experiment results indicated that non-professional drivers paid more attention to red-light running violations in comparison to taxi drivers who had a higher probability of red-light running violation. Furthermore, it was found that taxi drivers were more inclined to turn the steering wheel in an attempt to avoid a potential collision and non-professional drivers had more abrupt deceleration behaviors when facing a potential crash. Moreover, the experiment results showed that taxi drivers had a smaller crash rate compared to non-professional drivers and had a better performance in terms of crash avoidance at the intersection.     

Evaluation of pedestrian safety at intersections: A theoretical framework based on pedestrian-vehicle interaction patterns

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users, and pedestrian safety has become a major research focus in recent years. Regarding the quality and quantity issues with collision data, conflict analysis using surrogate safety measures has become a useful method to study pedestrian safety. However, given the inequality between pedestrians and vehicles in encounters and the multiple interactions between pedestrians and vehicles, it is insufficient to simply use the same indicator(s) or the same way to aggregate indicators for all conditions. In addition, behavioral factors cannot be neglected.To better use information extracted from trajectories for safety evaluation and pay more attention on effects of behavioral factors, this paper develops a more sophisticated framework for pedestrian conflict analysis that takes pedestrian-vehicle interactions into consideration. A concept of three interaction patterns has been proposed for the first time, namely ⿿hard interaction,⿿ ⿿no interaction,⿿ and ⿿soft-interaction.⿿ Interactions have been categorized under one of these patterns by analyzing profiles of speed and conflict indicators during the whole interactive processes. In this paper, a support vector machine (SVM) approach has been adopted to classify severity levels for a dataset including 1144 events extracted from three intersections in Shanghai, China, followed by an analysis of variable importance. The results revealed that different conflict indicators have different contributions to indicating the severity level under various interaction patterns. Therefore, it is recommended either to use specific conflict indicators or to use weighted indicator aggregation for each interaction pattern when evaluating pedestrian safety.The implementation has been carried out at the fourth crosswalk, and the results indicate that the proposed method can achieve a higher accuracy and better robustness than conventional methods. Furthermore, the method is helpful for better understanding underlying levels of safety from the behavioral perspective, which can also provide evidence for targeted traffic education on proper behaviors.     

舱室密闭空间中爆炸载荷后燃烧效应数值计算研究

为准确分析梯恩梯炸药在密闭空间中的爆炸载荷,在统一设施标准模型和基于能量守恒的简化计算公式基础上,提出了一种计算爆炸产物后燃烧能量的方法。该方法应用到基于有限元分析软件ANSYS/AUTODYN平台的数值模拟中,实现负氧平衡炸药在密闭空间中爆炸过程的数值仿真计算。计算结果与试验测试结果表明：梯恩梯炸药在密闭空间中发生爆炸时,其爆轰产物的后燃烧效应不可忽视;不考虑爆炸产物的后燃烧效应,数值计算得到的准静态压力较试验值低55%以上,50 ms内冲量较试验值低49%以上;将爆轰产物的后燃烧能量计入后,爆炸压力及冲量时程的计算值与试验值吻合较好,为结构受爆炸载荷响应分析提供了准确的输入载荷。     

半柔性水泥乳化沥青混凝土面层材料的研究与应用

通过室内试验研究了水泥乳化沥青混凝土(CEAC)的马歇尔稳定度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗压回弹模量等性能,并在此基础上确定了施工配合比,在宜洋公路改扩建工程中作为下面层铺筑了试验路进行验证。     

Effect of stick-slip on the scratch performance of polypropylene

For the scratch process of polypropylene (PP), the stick-slip phenomenon always exists and contributes to the observed periodic surface damage patterns. The stick-slip, one main cause for scratch visibility, alters the surface characteristics of substrate and eventually induces scratch visibility. Both ASTM/ISO and Erichsen scratch test methods are employed to study the stick-slip phenomenon and its effects on scratch behavior of PP. Image analysis shows that the stick-slip phenomenon was responsible for material removal and severe surface damage. Possible solutions to improve the scratch performance of polymeric materials are also discussed in this paper.     

舱室密闭空间中爆炸载荷燃烧增强效应试验研究

为研究梯恩梯(TNT)爆炸产物的燃烧释放能量对密闭空间中的爆炸载荷增强效应,开展7.50 g、11.25 g、15.00 g、22.50 g、30.00 g 5种不同质量的TNT分别在空气和氦气环境（抑制燃烧）密闭空间中的爆炸试验。通过压力、温度传感器及三维数字图像相关技术,得到爆炸载荷历程、准静态压力、封闭空间内气体温度、金属板试件的动态响应和最终变形等试验数据。对试验结果的分析和对比发现：TNT爆炸产物的燃烧效应对封闭舱室内的爆炸载荷与结构响应影响显著,5种不 同质量TNT在氦气环境中爆炸的准静态压力、温度峰值相较对应的空气工况中的降幅分别在38.81%~46.85%和57.53%~76.35%;试件最终变形较空气工况的降幅在19.1%~48.9%;建议在结构内爆响应的计算评估中应考虑爆炸载荷燃烧增强效应的影响。